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Food-Date Terms Explained

Short-Dated
An industry term for products approaching their printed date. There is no universal rule defining how many days qualify as “short-dated.”

Best By / Best If Used By
Indicates when the product is expected to have its best flavor, texture, or overall quality. It is generally not a food-safety deadline.

Sell By
Helps retailers manage inventory and determine how long to display a product for sale. It is not intended as a consumer safety date.

Use By
The manufacturer’s recommendation for using a product while it remains at peak quality. Except for infant formula, it generally does not represent a federally regulated safety deadline.

Expiration Date / EXP
Suggests the date after which the manufacturer no longer guarantees the product’s quality or performance. Its meaning can vary by product; infant formula must not be sold or used after its federally required “Use By” date.

Freeze By
Recommends when to freeze a product to preserve its best quality. It is not normally an indication that the product becomes unsafe on that date.

Pack Date / Packed On
Shows when the food was packaged. Retailers and distributors use it to track inventory, freshness, and product rotation.

Manufactured or Production Date
Identifies when the product was produced. It may be written as a standard calendar date or incorporated into a coded sequence.

Code Date / Lot Code
A manufacturer’s tracking code identifying a production batch, plant, line, or manufacturing period. It is important during recalls but may not be understandable without the manufacturer’s coding system.

Julian Date
A three-digit production code representing the day of the year—001 is January 1 and 365 is December 31. Some codes also include the production year.

Open Dating
A date displayed in a familiar format that consumers can easily read, such as “OCT 15 2026.”

Closed or Coded Dating
Letters and numbers used primarily by manufacturers for inventory tracking and recall identification rather than consumer guidance.

Past-Date Product
Food that has passed a printed quality date. A passed date does not automatically mean the food is unsafe; its condition, packaging integrity, storage history, and applicable regulations must also be considered.